{"id":23609,"date":"2021-04-20T09:35:48","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sacredeasttravel.com\/?page_id=23609"},"modified":"2021-06-19T20:25:13","modified_gmt":"2021-06-19T20:25:13","slug":"ulugbek-observatory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sacredeasttravel.com\/fr\/uzbekistan\/samarkand\/ulugbek-observatory\/","title":{"rendered":"Observatoire d`Oulougbek"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Observatoire d`Oulougbek<\/h2>\n
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Parmi les monuments historiques de l'observatoire de Samarkand a une place particuli\u00e8re, construit par Ulugbek en 1428-1429 sur l'une des collines en hauteur, au bas de l'altitude de Chupanata.\n\nSelon les mots de Babur, qui a vu l'observatoire, il \u00e9tait \u00e0 trois \u00e9tages recouvert de beaux titres vitr\u00e9s \u00e9difice de forme ronde de 46 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre, 30 m\u00e8tres de hauteur. Dans la salle principale, un \u00e9norme instrument \u00e9tait plac\u00e9 pour l'observation de la Lune, du Soleil et d'autres \u00e9toiles de la vo\u00fbte c\u00e9leste.\n\nL'observatoire \u00e9tait une construction unique pour son temps.La base de l'observatoire \u00e9tait le cercle vertical du goniom\u00e8tre g\u00e9ant), le rayon du cercle \u00e9tait \u00e9gal \u00e0 40,212 m\u00e8tres et la longueur de l'arc \u00e9tait de 63 m\u00e8tres. Le sextant-instrument principal \u00e9tait orient\u00e9 avec une pr\u00e9cision \u00e9tonnante par ligne de m\u00e9ridien du sud au nord.<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9tablissements d'essai des astronomes modernes Kastalsk et Sheglov en sont la preuve. Les dimensions de l'instrument principal, la construction chanceuse, les connaissances scientifiques d'Ulugbek et de son compagnon d'armes ont fourni une pr\u00e9cision \u00e9tonnante des observations astronomiques. \"L'exp\u00e9rience avait connu le mouvement des plan\u00e8tes, est livr\u00e9e pour se tenir \u00e0 ce livre\" - Ulugbek \u00e9crivait. Dans ce travail, les bases des observations astronomiques sont r\u00e9sum\u00e9es, faites par des scientifiques de l'Est.\n\nL'exactitude des observations des astronomes de Samarkand est \u00e9tonnante car elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites sans l'aide d'instruments optiques, \u00e0 l'\u0153il nu. Les tables astronomiques contiennent les coordonn\u00e9es de 1018 \u00e9toiles. Son catalogue n'a pas perdu de sa valeur de nos jours. Avec une exactitude \u00e9tonnante a fait le calcul de la longueur de l'ann\u00e9e de l'\u00e9toile, qui, selon le calcul d'Ulugbek, est \u00e9gale \u00e0 365 jours 6 heures 10 minutes 8 secondes. La longueur r\u00e9elle de l'ann\u00e9e \u00e9toile par les donn\u00e9es modernes est de 365 jours 6 heures 9 minutes 9,6 secondes. L'erreur n'est donc que de moins d'une minute.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la mort d'Ulugbek, l'observatoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit et vol\u00e9 par des fans religieux. Ce n'est qu'en 1908 que l'arch\u00e9ologue Vyatkin a trouv\u00e9 le premier document o\u00f9 l'emplacement de l'observatoire \u00e9tait mentionn\u00e9. Malheureusement, seule une partie souterraine du sextant et la base du b\u00e2timent ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sauv\u00e9es. Par des documents trouv\u00e9s, les scientifiques ont fait le mod\u00e8le de l'observatoire.\n\nUn centre scientifique remarquable a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit, une biblioth\u00e8que pr\u00e9cieuse a \u00e9t\u00e9 pill\u00e9e et des scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9s. Les cheikhs ont annonc\u00e9 la colline comme le lieu de la tombe \u00abQuarante vierges\u00bb et y ont construit un mausol\u00e9e, lieu de p\u00e8lerinage, apportant de gros profits aux hypocrites. Comme ce sacerdoce de Samarkand essayait de supprimer dans les gens membre de la torche de la science-Ulugbek et son observatoire.<\/p>\n

The scientific program of the observatory was calculated for at least 30 years (the period of Saturn’s conversion). State affairs did not allow Ulugbek to constantly enter into all the subtleties of the work of the observatory. But the fact that astronomy was not for Ulugbek a fleeting whim is proved by his whole life. He constantly patronized his offspring, was the inspiration and scientific leader of all major works.<\/p>\n

The first ten years of the observatory’s existence was led by Jemshid al-Kashi. After his death, this post was taken by seventy-year-old Kazi-zade Rumi. But six years later, in 1436, Rumi also died. For the observatory came a critical time. Ulugbek even thought about stopping the observations and publishing the tables in an unfinished form, but the young astronomer Samarkandan Ali Kushchi (1402-1474) managed to establish work and persuaded Ulugbek to continue his observations. Sometimes it is written that after the murder of Ulugbek in 1449, the observatory ceased to exist, and its building was destroyed by religious fanatics. Studies in recent years have shown that this is not so. After Ulugbek, the observatory continued to work for 20 years. Only in 1469, after the assassination of the ruler of Samarkand Abu Said by his son Mirza Sultan Ahmad, the situation of scholars had deteriorated so much that Ali Kushchi with his disciples was forced to leave the observatory and move to Herat, where the first state minister was the outstanding poet of the East and the statesman of Timurid Khorasan Alisher Navoi, which provided patronage and supported materially scientists, thinkers, artists, musicians and poets. Soon the Samarkand astronomer was invited to Istanbul. There he graduated and published the works of the observatory The astronomical tables compiled in the Ulugbek observatory enjoyed deserved fame in the East and for a long time remained unsurpassed in accuracy. In Europe, they were first published in 1650.<\/p>\n

The empty building of the observatory stood for many more years and only at the beginning of the 16th century it was dismantled into bricks.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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