{"id":23609,"date":"2021-04-20T09:35:48","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sacredeasttravel.com\/?page_id=23609"},"modified":"2021-06-19T20:25:13","modified_gmt":"2021-06-19T20:25:13","slug":"ulugbek-observatory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sacredeasttravel.com\/ru\/uzbekistan\/samarkand\/ulugbek-observatory\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u043e \u0423\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"
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According to the reconstruction, the observatory looked like a three-storeyed cylindrical structure 30.4 m high and 46.40 m in diameter, and housed a grandiose goniometry (or quadrant) oriented from the north to the south with a radius of 40.21 m, which measured the height of the heavenly bodies above the horizon as they passed through the celestial meridian. The device is opened by excavations and well preserved in the underground part. It is assumed that its arch was the sixth part of the circle with a working part from 20 \u00b0 to 80 \u00b0. The arc of the tool is limited by two barriers faced with marble. At each degree of the circle, marbles and cuts are cut in the marble. Each degree corresponds to an interval of 70 cm. There are brick stairs along the barriers. Azimuth observations could be made on a horizontal circle on the roof of the building. There were other instruments in the observatory that were not preserved. In the observatory of Ulugbek worked such large astronomers, as Kazi-zade ar-Rumi, al-Kashi, al-Kushchi. Here, by 1437, a catalog of the star sky was compiled, in which 1018 stars were described. In the same place, the length of the stellar year was determined: 365 days, 6 hours, 10 minutes, 8 seconds (with an error of + 58 seconds). The founder of the observatory, Muhammad Taragay Ulugbek, the grandson of Timur (Tamerlane), was born in 1394, 11 years before the death of his grandfather. Sultan’s teachers were the writer and philosopher Arif Azari and the great mathematician Kazy-zade Rumi, who later did much for the observatory. Ulugbek showed great abilities and interest in mathematics since childhood. He was greatly impressed by his trips together with Timur to Sultania, to Marat, and to the Maraghin Observatory, built by the Persian scholar Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274). Probably, it was there that the boy started an interest in astronomy.<\/p>\n

Becoming the ruler of Samarkand, Ulugbek began to realize his long-standing dream – the creation of an observatory. The main consultant in this big business Ulugbek calls Kazy-zade \u00a0Rumi. “With the help and assistance of the teacher,” he writes, “the great scientist, carrying the banner of science, indicating the ways of truth and exploration, Kazy-zade Rumi began to create an observatory.” Observatory – a special kind of building, and here the main role belonged not to the architect, but to the scientists who determined the placement and dimensions of the tools built into the building, that is, Ulugbek and Rumi. I must say that the decisions they made were bold and original. Construction took about three years. By the autumn of 1420 (according to other sources – by 1428-1429) the building of the observatory was ready. Installation and reconciliation of instruments began. This, at the request of Ulugbek, was occupied by an astronomer and a brilliant mathematician from Kashan, Jemshid al-Kashi (1373-1430).<\/p>\n

The scientific program of the observatory was calculated for at least 30 years (the period of Saturn’s conversion). State affairs did not allow Ulugbek to constantly enter into all the subtleties of the work of the observatory. But the fact that astronomy was not for Ulugbek a fleeting whim is proved by his whole life. He constantly patronized his offspring, was the inspiration and scientific leader of all major works.<\/p>\n

The first ten years of the observatory’s existence was led by Jemshid al-Kashi. After his death, this post was taken by seventy-year-old Kazi-zade Rumi. But six years later, in 1436, Rumi also died. For the observatory came a critical time. Ulugbek even thought about stopping the observations and publishing the tables in an unfinished form, but the young astronomer Samarkandan Ali Kushchi (1402-1474) managed to establish work and persuaded Ulugbek to continue his observations. Sometimes it is written that after the murder of Ulugbek in 1449, the observatory ceased to exist, and its building was destroyed by religious fanatics. Studies in recent years have shown that this is not so. After Ulugbek, the observatory continued to work for 20 years. Only in 1469, after the assassination of the ruler of Samarkand Abu Said by his son Mirza Sultan Ahmad, the situation of scholars had deteriorated so much that Ali Kushchi with his disciples was forced to leave the observatory and move to Herat, where the first state minister was the outstanding poet of the East and the statesman of Timurid Khorasan Alisher Navoi, which provided patronage and supported materially scientists, thinkers, artists, musicians and poets. Soon the Samarkand astronomer was invited to Istanbul. There he graduated and published the works of the observatory The astronomical tables compiled in the Ulugbek observatory enjoyed deserved fame in the East and for a long time remained unsurpassed in accuracy. In Europe, they were first published in 1650.<\/p>\n

The empty building of the observatory stood for many more years and only at the beginning of the 16th century it was dismantled into bricks.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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